(CNN) A spill like an oil spill The one that lies located off the coast Southern California This is a tragedy at many levels -- perhaps none more devastating than the devastating impact of oil on wildlife.
The creatures of the ocean who live in deep waters are not as affected by oil spills. However, oil spills close to coastlines typically cause the most damage to marine mammals and shorebirds who reside at the ocean's edge as well as on the ocean's top.
"These animals reside right where the oil that is floating accumulates," says ecologist Sean Anderson, a professor of environmental science at California State University Channel Islands in Channel Islands, adding "This oil is poisonous to all things."
This is a review of how certain marine species are affected by oil spills.
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Shorebirds
A cormorant is covered with oil after the sinking the tanker Amoco Cadiz caused a massive oil spill off the coast of France in the year 1978.
Birds that live in coastal areas are particularly at risk due to the fact that oil can be found on the surface of ocean, which is where they feed and wash onto beaches, contaminating their nesting places.
In California the most common species affected are Brown pelicans, Grebes cormorants, gulls, plovers and other birds.
If birds are coated with oil the feathers become ineffective for keeping them warm and warm. Birds are also prone to preening themselves to get rid of anything that is that is on their feathers. This can expose them to harmful quantities of oil, Anderson adds.
"The pictures are heartbreaking" Anderson adds. Anderson. "Even those who know nothing about biology can sense the way that birds are affected."
Birds that have oil in their nests can also contaminate their chicks and eggs with oil.
Dolphins
A cormorant is covered with oil after the sinking the tanker Amoco Cadiz caused a massive oil spill off the coast of France in the year 1978.
Birds that live in coastal areas are particularly at risk due to the fact that oil can be found on the surface of ocean, which is where they feed and wash onto beaches, contaminating their nesting places.
In California the most common species affected are Brown pelicans, Grebes cormorants, gulls, plovers and other birds.
If birds are coated with oil the feathers become ineffective for keeping them warm and warm. Birds are also prone to preening themselves to get rid of anything that is that is on their feathers. This can expose them to harmful quantities of oil, Anderson adds.
"The pictures are heartbreaking" Anderson adds. Anderson. "Even those who know nothing about biology can sense the way that birds are affected."
Birds that have oil in their nests can also contaminate their chicks and eggs with oil.
Whales
A humpback whale swims across an oil-slick at Skjalfandi Bay, Northern Iceland in 2009.
Oil spills can also cause death for Humpbacks and gray whales, and other species. Exposed to the toxic fumes of oil has been found to cause death of dolphins and whales even after years as per the Center for Biological Diversity.
Sea lions
A baby California sea lion being cleaned by SeaWorld San Diego's Wildlife Care Center in 2015 following there was an oil spill near Santa Barbara.
As opposed to dolphins Sea lions are territorial, and are less likely to leave their coastline even if polluted by oil Anderson says.
They are more prone to be poisoned by oil that can get into their mouths if they touch their water's surface in order to breathe.
Sea otters
A sea otter that was rescued has been cleaned by the workers of an animal sanctuary following an oil tanker Exxon Valdez disaster fouled the pure water in Prince William Sound, Alaska in 1989.
The sea otter is still in danger due to hunting throughout the 1800s and the early 1900s to hunt for its fur. The aquarium's most popular animal can be located in the coastal areas of the Pacific across Alaska through central California.
Oil can be abrasive to the fur of otters, which causes they to shed their fur and suffer from hypothermia, similar to the way oil affects birds.
Sand crabs
The sand crabs are also referred to as mole crabs are found on numerous beaches they are an important part of the chain of food. This one is located on the beach of Trinidad.
These tiny creatures dig their way into the sand, where waves break on beaches, leaving them vulnerable to the effects of oil that washes onto the shore.
"They're just in danger," Anderson says.
The high levels of oil can kill adult crabs and lower levels can cause harm to their eggs and babies. Invertebrates are an essential part of our ecosystem at the beach because "everybody consumes their food," Anderson says. "They are extremely important to the diversity of species."
Lobsters
An oil-covered lobster is dead after an oil spill at Refugio State Beach in May 2015 close to Santa Barbara, California.
Oil in trace amounts in seawater may kill lobster larvae while they're still plankton floating in the ocean, according to the Gulf of Maine Research Institute.
Therefore, an oil spill could cause a catastrophe for the lobsters of a particular region -and the lobster fishing industry 5 to 7 years later in the event that the larval lobsters will have grown to market size The institute claims.
Fish species
A group of rockfish swims close to the bottom of an oil plant on in Ventura, California, in 2003.
Certain oils that are thicker sink into the bottom of the ocean, and are consumed by fish, white croakers, and other species which are found in the depths of the ocean.
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